ANTIPYRETICS: FIGHTS FEVER
ANALGESICS: PAIN KILLER
ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKER: HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE (HELP RELAX BLOOD VESSELS WHICH LOWER BLOOD PRESSURE)
ANTACIDS: RELIEVES ACID
ANTI-INFECTIVES: FIGHTS INFECTIONS
ANTI-DEPRESSANTS: FIGHTS DEPRESSION
ANTICOAGULANTS: FIGHTS BLOOD CLOTTING
ANTIDIABETIC AGENTS: FIGHTS TO LOWER BLOOD GLUCOSE
ANTIHISTAMINES: ANTAGONIZES THE EFFECTS OF HISTAMINE RELEASE
BARBITURATES: ANESTHETIC BEFORE SURGERY
BRONCHODILATORS: RELAX BRONCHIAL SMOOTH MUSCLES
CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENTS: HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
CEPHALOSPORINS: ANTIBIOTIC
CNS STIMULANTS: ADHD ( ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER)
CONTRACEPTIVES: BIRTH CONTROL--------------------CONTRA MEANS AGAINST
DECONGESTANTS: MUCOUS REMOVAL
DIURETICS: OUTPUT WATER IN KIDNEYS TO REDUCE HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
ESTROGENS: (HORMONES) MENOPAUSE
EXPECTORANTS: LOOSEN, CLEAR MUCOUS & PHLEGM FROM RESPIRATORY TRACT
GLUCOCORTICOIDS: INFLAMMATION
IMMUNOSUPPRESIVE AGENTS: PREVENT BODY FROM MOUNTING IMMUNE RESPONSE AFTER AN ORGAN TRANSPLANT, OR DISEASE CAUSED BY OVERACTING IMMUNE SYSTEM.
INSULIN: DIABETES
INTERFERONS: ATTACK VIRUSES, BACTERIA, TUMORS
LAXATIVES: PROMOTE DEFECATION
MUSCLE RELAXANTS: RELAX MUSCLE
PENICILLINS: ANTIBIOTIC
VASODILATORS: ANGINA (CHEST PAIN), HYPERTENSION (HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE)
TETRACYCLINES: ANTIBIOTIC
VASOPRESSORS: RISE BLOOD PRESSURE, ANESTHETIC ALSO
CORTICOSTEROIDS: ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT USED FOR RESPIRATORY, DERMATOLOGICAL,---HELPS BODY DEAL WITH STRESS BY SPECIFIC DISEASE STATE
FLUOROQUINOLONES: ANTIBIOTIC
HISTAMINE 1 (H1) BLOCKERS: ALLERGIES
HISTAMINE 2 (H2) BLOCKERS: GASTRIC DISORDERS SUCH AS HEARTBURN, ULCERS, GERD
HMG CoA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS: AGAINST HIGH LDL (BAD) CHOLESTEROL
NSAID: INFLAMMATION, PAIN, FEVER, HEADACHE, ARTHRITIS, MENSTRUAL CRAMPS
OPIATE AGONISTS (NARCOTICS): PAIN
PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS: HEARTBURN, ULCERS, GERD
SSRI: DEPRESSION
SULFONYLUREAS: TYPE II DIABETES
TRI-CYCLICS: ANTIDEPRESSANT
ADRENERGICS: RAISE BLOOD PRESSURE, INCREASE URINE, HEART STIMULANT, ASTHMA, SMALL AREA ANESTHETIC
ANTIFUNGALS: AGAINST FUNGAL INFECTION
ANTIARTHRITIC/ANTIGOUT: ARTHRITIS
ANTIARRHYTHMICS: SUPPRESSES FAST RHYTHMS OF HEART-----IRREGULAR HEART BEAT
ANTICHOLINERGICS: REDUCE MUSCLE SPASM IN INTESTINE
ANTICONVULSANTS: SEIZURES
ANTIDOTES: STOP, CONTROL POISON
ANTIEMETICS: STOP VOMITING AND NAUSEA
ANTINEOPLASTICS: DESTROY CANCER CELLS
ANTOPARASITES: DESTROY PARASITES
ANTIPARKINSON: CONTROL PARKINSON DISEASE
ANTIVIRALS: DESTROY VIRUSES
CHOLINERGICS: MYATHENIA GRAVIS (MUSCLE WEAKNESS), GLAUCOMA
TRANQUILIZERS: REDUCE ANXIETY
AMINO SALICYTATES: CROHN'S DISEASE, ARTHRITIS, INFLAMMATORY BOWL DISEASE
ALPHA 1 BLOCKERS: HYPERTENSION, BPH (CANCER OF PROSTATE GLAND)
ANDROGENS: REPLACE HORMONE, STIMULATE LATE PUBERTY, CERTAIN BREAST CANCER'S IN FEMALES
ANESTHETICS: DECREASE SENSATION OF PAIN
ANTIPSYCHOTICS: SUCH AS SCHIZOPHRENIA
ANTITUSSIVES: COUGH REFLEX
BETA-BLOCKERS: CHEST PAIN, HYPERTENSION
BETA AGONISTS: BRONCHOSPASM (ASTHMA)
COX-1 INHIBITORS: PAIN, INFLAMMATION
EMETICS: CAUSE VOMITING
LOOP DIURETICS: HYPERTENSION
PLATELET INHIBITORS: CLOT PREVENTION
POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS: EDEMA, HYPERTENSION
QUINOLONES: ANTIBIOTIC
SALICYLATES: ARTHRITIS
THIAZIDE DIURETICS: HYPERTENSION
ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMICS: TAKE OUT CHOLESTEROL FROM CORONARY ARTERY
ANTHELMINICTICS: RID BODY OF WORM INFESTATION
ANTIDIARRHEALS: DECREASE GI ACTIVITY (DIARRHEA)
ANTI-INFECTIVES/SULFONAMIDES: DESTROY BACTERIA
DIGESTANTS: PROMOTE DIGESTION OF FOOD
HYPNOTICS/SEDATIVES: PRODUCE AND MAINTAIN SLEEP
ACE INHIBITOR: HYPERTENSION
MACROLIDE/PENICILLIN: ANTIBIOTIC
BENZODIAZEPINE: ANXIETY
POTASSIUM ELECTROLYTE: LOW BLOOD LEVELS OF POTASSIUM
LEUKOTRIENE INHIBITOR: ANTIHISTAMINE
BONE RESORPTION INHIBITOR: OSTEOPOROSIS
INOTROPE: FAST HEART BEAT (TACHYCARDIA)
THIAZOLIDINEDIONE: TYPE II DIABETES
XANTHINE OXIDASE INHIBITOR: GOUT
PROSTATE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST: PROSTATE ENLARGEMENT
THERE IS SO MUCH MORE BUT THESE ARE SOME OF THE COMMON CLASSIFICATIONS THAT REPRESENTS THEIR CATEGORIZED TREATMENTS OF MEDICATIONS
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**Here is a site where they have common medication antidotes, also helpful for PTCB exam
(An example of an antidote is) overdose of warfarin, antidote would be vitamin K
http://www.docstoc.com/docs/9170513/Antidotes-and-common-medications
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**UNDERSTANDING MEDICAL WORDS- ROOT WORDS, SUFFIXES, ETC
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/medicalwords.html
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ANTIBIOTICS NOTE: Penicillin was the 1st antibiotic discovered in the 1940's
PENICILLINS
- Narrow-spectrum penicillins: First generation for penicillin, treat many infections especially gonorrhea & streptococcal
- Narrow-spectrum antistaphylococcal penicillins: Specific for staphylococcal infections
- Broad-spectrum penicillins: Second generation, treat respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections (UTI), otitis (pertaining to the ear). Drug examples are amoxicillin, ampicillin, etc
- Extended-spectrum penicillins: Third generation, treat more of the serious urinary and respiratory tract infections
CEPHALOSPORINS: Similar to penicillin, allergic to penicillin should be caution taking cephalosporins, this type of antibiotic has 4 generations listed below
- Cefazolin (Ancef), Cephalexin (Keflex): Treat urinary tract infections (UTI), bone & joint diseases, upper respiratory tract infections
- Ceclor, Ceftin, Mefoxin: Treat hemophilus influenzae, neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Cefixime (Suprax), Cefzil, Rocephin: Treat serious infections
- Cefepime (Maxipime): Treat UTI, respiratory tract infections, integumentary infections
MACROLIDES:
Medication examples = Erythromycin succinate (EES), Zithromax, Biaxin
Treatment = Respiratory tract infections, skin & soft tissue infections, sexually transmitted diseases, cervicitis, urethritis, etc
Side effects = Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, hearing loss, diarrhea etc
Note = Erythromycin was the first macrolide antibiotic, most effective with an empty stomach, macrolides are taken with meals if gastrointestinal sypmtoms occur
TETRACYCLINES:
Medication examples = Vibramycin & Minocin
Treatment = Lyme disease, acne, spotted fever, UTI, bronchitis, etc
Adverse effects = Photosensitivity & staining development teeth, etc
Note = No milk (or antacids) given when taking this type of antibiotic & avoid taking when pregnant also avoid taking with children less than 8 years old. If expiration has passed, it can be dangerous
AMINOGLYCOSIDES:
Medication examples = Amikan, Garamycin, Neomycin, Tobrex
Treatment = life threatening infections such as skin & ocular infections, etc
Side effects = Oral aminogly may cause nausea, vomiting & diarrhea, Parenteral may result in renal & otologic toxic effects with permanent, irreversible hearing loss possible, also possible muscle paralysis, etc
Note = Poorly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, often used before gastrointestinal surgery. Not be used by pregnant women. Topical aminoglycosides drugs is safe to use even over the counter (OTC).
FLUROQUINOLONES (Qinolone Antimicrobials):
Medication examples = Cipro, Levaquin, Tequin, Avelox, Maxaquin, Floxin, Penetrex
Treatment = Bone & joint infections, UTI, prostatitis, gonorrhea, pneumonia, etc
Side effects = Dizziness, drowsiness, restlessness, gastrointestinal symptoms & skin rashes, etc
Note = Used in care with epilepsy, antacids decrease the absorption of drug. Cipro should not be taken with milk, antacids, magnesium laxatives, iron supplements
SULFONAMIDES:
Medication examples = TMP/SMX (Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole), Gantrisin, Azulfidine, Thiosulfil, Silvadene cream
Treatment = UTI, chancroid, toxoplasmosis, malaria, meningococcal meningitis, colitis of lower GI, & topically for burns, etc
Side effects = May cause photosensitivity reactions, etc
Note = Sulfa drugs are not antibiotics, they did not originate from a microorganism. They are antibacterials used to combat infections by slowing the growth of bacteria while the body builds its own defenses against the bacteria or other micro-organisms. Sulfa drugs are subdivided in to two groups called "short acting", & "intermediate acting agents".
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