WHY ARE PRESCRIPTION DRUGS COMPOUNDED?
STRENGTH: PREPARED IN STRENGTHS THAT ARE NOT USUALLY AVAILABLE
INACTIVE INGREDIENTS: COMPOUND DRUGS CAN BE MADE WITHOUT SOME OF THE DYES, SUGARS, PRESERVATIVES THAT ARE IN OTHER MEDICATIONS. SOME PEOPLE ARE ALLERGIC TO DYES AND PRESERVATIVES
FORM: CAN BE PREPARED AS LOZENGES, SYRUPS, INSTEAD OF ALL THOSE HARD TO SWALLOW MEDICATIONS. SOMETIMES THE FORM IS NOT AVAILABLE SO THAT WILL LEAD TO COMPOUNDING. BUT COMPOUNDING CAN DEAL WITH MAKING CAPSULES AND MUCH MORE
TERMS
PRESERVATIVES- A CHEMICAL TO PREVENT DECOMPOSITION BY MICROBIAL GROWTH
DYE- FORM COLOR IN MEDICATIONS
ACTIVE INGREDIENTS- CHEMICAL IN THE DRUG THAT CREATES INTENDED EFFECTS AND SIDE EFFECTS
INACTIVE INGREDIENTS- CREATES COLOR, SMELL OF THE DRUG
PUNCH METHOD- MADE ONLY FOR CAPSULES
ELIXIR- BASE SOLUTION THAT IS A MIXTURE OF ALCOHOL AND WATER
TINCTURE- BASE SOLUTION OF ALCOHOL
SOLUTE- INGREDIENT DISSOLVED INTO SOLUTION
SOLUTION- WATER BASED, INGREDIENTS DISSOLVED COMPLETELY
SOLVENT- GREATER PART OF SOLUTION
HYDROPHILIC- WATER LOVING
HYDROPHOBIC- WATER HATING
WHAT ARE SOME MATERIALS USED TO COMPOUND?
MORTAR & PESTLE: A GLASS MORTAR & PESTLE WOULD BE USED TO MIX LIQUIDS, SUSPENSIONS, SUBSTANCES THAT MAY STAIN CONTAINERS. A PORCELAIN MORTAR & PESTLE IS USED TO BLEND POWDERS.
GRADUATED CYLINDER: USED ACCURATELY TO MEASURE A VOLUME LIQUID PRODUCT, THE VOLUME IS READ BY THE LOWEST PORTION OF THE MENISCUS OF THE LIQUID AT EYE LEVEL.
GRADUATED CONICAL: ALSO FOR MEASURING VOLUME LIQUIDS BUT NOT THE MOST ACCURATE. HAS A WIDE OPENING TO STIR MIXING LIQUIDS WITH A STIRRING ROD.
STIR RODS/STICKS: TO STIR PRODUCTS EX) SUSPENSIONS, SYRUPS
GLASS COMPOUNDING SLAB: SMOOTH SURFACE WHEN MIXING OINTMENTS AND CREAMS
SPATULAS: FOR MIXING AND FILLING JARS
BLENDER: MIXING LARGE PRODUCTS, OR THOSE THAT REQUIRE HIGH SPEED OR PROLONGED LOW SPEED BLENDING
FUNNEL: FOR FILTERING OR POURING LIQUIDS INTO SMALLER BOTTLES
WHAT TYPE OF WEIGHTING SCALE IS ACCURATE TO WEIGHT MEDICATIONS?
CLASS A BALANCE SCALE: MOST ACCURATE TO WEIGHT MEDICATIONS. WEIGHTS SUBSTANCES 120MG TO 120G.
CLASS B BALANCE SCALE: NOT THE MOST ACCURATE. WEIGHTS SUBSTANCES 650MG TO 120G
TERMS
FILTER PAPER: PAPER WHERE THE COMPOUND PRODUCT IS BEING WEIGHTED OR ALSO CAN BE USED AS A FUNNEL FOR POWDEROUS PRODUCTS
GLYCERIN PAPER: USE TO WEIGHT COMPOUNDED PRODUCTS
IS THERE A SPECIAL SHEET TO RECORD INFORMATION ABOUT THE COMPOUNDED PRODUCT?
YES IT'S CALL THE MASTER FORMULA SHEET. BEFORE STARTING THE COMPOUNDING PROCESS YOU NEED TO WRITE ALL INFORMATION YOU NEED TO MAKE THE MEDICATION AND ABOUT THE MEDICATION.
WHAT ARE SOME COMMON INGREDIENTS TO USE FOR COMPOUNDING?
MENTHOL: HAS A STRONG PEPPERMINT SMELL (CLEAR)...USED USUALLY TO MAKE VICK'S VAPOR RUB
SALICYLIC ACID: FOR ACNE
STARCH: POWDER LIKE
GLYCERIN: PROVIDES MOISTURE TO SKIN. CAN BE DISSOLVE IN WATER OR ALCOHOL BUT NOT IN OILS. ABSORBS WATER FROM AIR (HYDROSCOPIC)
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE: USE TO CLEAN TEETH, ALSO IN BEAUTY PRODUCTS, LOTIONS, ETC
SODIUM CHLORIDE: ALSO KNOWN AS SALT. REDUCE TYPES OF BACTERIA LIKE SALIVA. THE INHALATION NaCL (SODIUM) PRODUCES SPECTRUM (MUSCOUS, PHLEGM) FROM THE MOUTH IN ORDER TO COLLECT MEDICAL TESTING.
BORIC ACID: COMMONLY USED FOR SUPPOSITORIES FOR YEAST INFECTIONS
THYMOL OIL: USED FOR ANTIBACTERIAL, FUNGAL (ACNE, HEMORRHOIDS)
SULFAR: TO KILL LICE, SCABIES- COMES IN OINTMENT, CREAM, LOTION, SOAP
POVIDONE-IODINE SOLUTION: KILLS BACTERIA, TREAT MINOR WOUNDS
ALCOHOL: DISINFECTS TO KILL GERMS
EXTRA
DESICCATION: IS THE PROCESS OF USING DEHYDRATION TO REMOVE MOISTURE FROM A SOLID SUBSTANCE.
TRITURATION: IS THE PROCESS IN GRINDING TABLETS INTO A FINE POWDER IN A PORCELAIN MORTAR.
LEVIGATION: IS THE PROCESS OF PRODUCING A SMOOTH DISPERATION OF A DRUG WITH A SPATULA.
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COMPOUNDING RX EXAMPLES
CAPSULES
Rx: Acetaminophen 325mg, Ibuprofen 100mg
Mix and prepare 12 capsules
Sig: i capsule qid for pain & fever
SOLUTIONS & SYRUPS
Rx: Glycerin 15ml, Hydrogen peroxide 3% solution 15ml
Mix well and dispense in a dropper bottle
Sig: 3gtts au qid prn earache
Rx: Loratidine 1mg/5cc, Acetaminophen 120mg/5cc, Ora sweet qs ud 60ml
Sig: give 5cc (one teaspoonful) bid prn cold symptoms
SUSPENSIONS & LOTIONS
Rx: Propanolol suspension 10mg/5cc, 120ml
Sig: take 5cc po qid
Rx: Menthol 1%, Hydrocortisone cream 0.5% - 30gm
qs to 60ml with lubriderm
Sig: apply to affected area bid
OINTMENTS & CREAMS
Rx: Povidone-Iodine solution 5ml, white petrolium 60gm
Mix and dispense
Sig: apply to injured area on knee after cleaning with peroxide bid
Rx: Menthol 200mg, Thymol 200mg, Dermabase 60gm
Sig: apply to knee prn arthritis pain
LIP BALMS & TOPICAL APPLICATION STICKS
Rx: Menthol 1%, Thymol 1%
Lip balm base qs to make lip balm stick (15gm)
Sig: apply to sore on lip prn until gone
SUPPOSITORIES
Rx: Ibuprofen 200mg, Cocoa butter qs
Make and dispense 6 suppositories
Sig: Insert 1 suppository q4h prn arthritis pain
LOZENGES
Rx: Clotrimazole 100mg, Flavor & color additives prn, Lozibase qs
Dispense 10 lozenges containing 10mg each of active ingredient
Sig: dissolve 1 lozenge in mouth bid x 5 days
<Math Example>
You are to prepare five 60 g jars of ointment using the following formula. How much of each ingredient will you need to create the total amount?
Coal tar 4 g
Salicyclic Acid 1 g
Triamcinolone 1% ung 15 g
Aqua-base ointment 100 g
-Add all ingredient grams (4g + 1g + 15g + 100g= 120 g total)
-Now let's find out how much of each ingredient we in 1 jar of ointment
If 4g = 120g
Then X = 60g ---< 4g x 60g / 120g = 2g of coal tar
If 1g = 120g
Then X = 60g ---< 1g x 60g / 120g = 0.5g of salicyclic acid
If 15g = 120g
Then X = 60g ---< 15g x 60g / 120g = 7.5g of triamcinolone 1%
If 100g = 120g
Then X = 60g ---< 100g x 60g / 120g = 50g of aqua base
{2g + 0.5g + 7.5g + 50g= 60g total in 1 jar of ointment}
-Now let's figure out how much of each ingredient we need to fill 5 60g jars of ointment
-Multiply by 5 because that is the amount of jars we need or calculate with the ratio & proportion method
*Coal Tar < 2g x 5 = 10g
OR
If 2g = 1 jar
Then X = 5 jars ---< 2g x 5 jars / 1 jar = 10g {you will need 10g of Coal Tar} ANSWER
*Salicyclic Acid < 0.5g x 5 = 2.5g
OR
If 0.5g = 1 jar
Then X = 5 jars ---< 0.5g x 5 jars / 1 jar = 2.5g {you will need 2.5g of Salicyclic Acid} ANSWER
*Triamcinolone 1% < 7.5g x 5 = 37.5g
OR
If 7.5g = 1 jar
Then X = 5 jars ---< 7.5g x 5 jars / 1 jar = 37.5g {you will need 37.5g of Triamcinolone 1%} ANSWER
*Aqua Base < 50g x 5 = 250g
OR
If 50g = 1 jar
Then X = 5 jars ---< 50g x 5 jars / 1 jar = 250g {you will need 250g of Aqua Base} ANSWER
{10g + 2.5g + 37.5g + 250g = 300g total will be in 5 60g jars of ointment}
